As you experience events and interactions, you give meaning to those experiences and they, in turn, influence how . Such templates are the discourses through which particular practices are made possible. Situated knowledges: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective. In other words, such a trajectory works to normalize a sequence of sexuality which ranges from the right time to the end-stage of heterosexual marriage. Neatly avoiding how workers are constructed, we ascribe burnout to hearing painful stories of others, to stress, doing more with less, dysfunctional organizations and other explanations that implicate individuals. Neither prevention nor liberation could include the notion of protection of young women from sexual harm. New York: Columbia University Press. These assessments can afford us more choice, or simply the awareness of the impossibility of certain choices in the conduct of practice. This distance from the immediate thought of practice is enabled by a focus on discursive boundaries, rather than the technical implementation of practice theories that are part of discursive fields. Ronni worked with Tara from a critique of prevention and risk education strategies normally used in dealing with girls sexuality. London: Routledge. In other words, they take different ontological stances.Extreme constructivists argue that all human knowledge and experience is socially constructed, and that there is no reality beyond discourse (Potter 1997).Critical realists, on the other hand, argue that there is a physical . Maxine made extraordinary efforts to help Ms. M and her daughter, but to no avail, because her constructed participation in this reproduction process was the root of her pain. Ronnis approach had an explicitly political agenda: she opposed prevention discourses as ways of silencing female desire. The second case study (Gorman, 2004) takes place during a practicum in a school setting. 1. . I am interested in a critical ethics of practice because social workers as people suffer when the results of practice seem so meager in comparison to the ideals inherent in social work education, in agency expectations, and in implicit norms which define professional. In conventional social work education, practitioners are asked to believe that they will learn a theory, and then learn how to implement it. Critical Social Work, 2(1). Michel Foucault. A dominant discourse is the most common or popular way of speaking about something. As such, individuals bear the weight of individual responsibility for such histories and contexts, thus obscuring a greater range of accountability. In this case, those discourses were set up with the prevention and risk discourse as repressive and the validation of sexuality discourse as progressive and libratory for young women. This paper concerns the relation between critical reflective practice and social workers lived experience of the complicated and contradictory world of practice. People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, and discourses concerning the medical model, criminalization, and criminality dominate the intervention . When I read the case studies, I was taken aback to find that students chose to write about stories of pain and distress in their practice contexts. An ideology is defined as a system of beliefs and values that not only seek to describe the world but also to transform it. This desire is subjected to the strange twists and turns of which take place inside the institutions of practice. Dominant is any Discourse that will help you in life, or acquire more "goods" (money, status, etc. Social work practices: Contemporary perspectives on change. A Perspective on Critical Social Work. The failures of this fantasy cause us to suffer, to apologize, to despair. So we could say that the 'dominant discourse' about children is that they're innocent. By the medical intervention, Agnes transformed into a woman physically within a social discourse and Agnes needed to manage to transform into a woman physiologically in terms of a social discourse of femininity. I was at once horrified by the level of individual self-recrimination in the cases, and inspired by the deep levels of commitment, thought and reflection evidenced by these students. He wrote and lectured on the interactions between discourse analysis and social relationships in social work. 14) through which certain social phenomena, such as 'need', 'knowledge' and 'intervention', are constructed. We frequently found that dependencies within competing discourses were obscured by oppositions. Critical social work helps people to understand the dominant ideology discourse and relocate subjectively in to that discourse. Thus, I have found myself on the terrain of a kind of critical ethics that views practice theories as stories about the cultural ideals of practice, and that treats practitioners experiences as stories that can teach us about the conduct of practice in relation to such ideals. Maxines client, for example, comes to Canada seeking greater opportunity: opportunity that originated over two hundred years ago when my ancestors on the coast of Rhode Island traded with the Caribbean for goods produced by slave labour thus giving birth to the very American capitalism that created the need for Maxines and Ms. Ms migration in search of opportunity. Underpinned by theories of social work . Dominant discourse is a way of speaking or behaving on any given topic it is the language and actions that appear most prevalently within a given society. I had to admit that I saw both discourse from my subject position as a mother, and had to rather sheepishly admit that I wouldnt have wanted my thirteen year old daughter to be having sex at that age. The overall question I asked students to raise in relation to their cases was what is left out? Interchanging the terms discourse and story, we talked about how stories both include and exclude, forming boundaries in meaning (Spivak, 1990), and that critical practice is the search for what is left outside the story. Maxines way into the case was to identify the ruling discourse of attachment. It is a topic worthy of scrutiny (p. 199). Michel Foucault. Dominant discourse is a way of speaking or behaving on any given topic it is the language and actions that appear most prevalently within a given society. What Is Political Socialization? Social workers are the bodies in the middle of this site and must act within the force field of contradictions. Ronni discussed it with her supervisor who felt obliged to inform other school personnel, to Ronnis dismay. Ronni believed that such discourses silenced and disciplined not only young women such as Tara, but all young womens diverse and fluid experiences of sexuality. . Spivak, G. (1990). (2001). She moved out on her own, successfully pursued advanced education and was on the verge of achieving professional accreditation at the time of Maxines contact with her. In turn, such assessments act against the internalization of the contradictions played out in social work practice. In doing so, we increase our choices or at least, our awareness regarding how we participate in the creation of culture. The summer of 2020 was a season of racial reckoning for journalism in the United States. (French social theorist Michel Foucaultwrote prolifically about institutions, power, and discourse. Ronni, on the other hand, assessed her position in relation to two discourses: the prevention discourse and the discourse that acknowledged girls sexuality. Some discourses come to dominate the mainstream (dominant discourses), and are considered truthful, normal, and right, while others are marginalized and stigmatized, and considered wrong, extreme, and even dangerous. When we look outside the boundaries of discourses, we may discover practice questions which help us reflect on power and possibility. Our constructed location is often a painful one. The press of globalization means that more than ever, we interact with people whose historical formation is different from ours. It has proved difficult to reconcile conventional theories of practice with a vision of social work as social justice work. Discourse refers to how we think and communicate about people, things, the social organization of society, and the relationships among and between all three. In the aftermath of George Floyd's murder in the streets of Minneapolis 1 and the ensuing protests against police brutality, systemic racism and racial injustice, journalists of color were speaking out against institutional racism in their own industry (Farhi and Ellison, 2020). In our case, the class project was to scrutinize the knowledge claims embedded in cases and to understand the implication of such claims for their affective relationship to practice as well as on the experience of their clients. You: Hmm, that's . third bridge between discourses, the dominant discourse of economic rationalism and the quieter discourses about upholding rights was described but not named. The . Geography. Perhaps you are a teacher, youth group facilitator, student affairs personnel or manage a team that works with an . Discourse transmits and produces power; it undermines and . Definition and Examples, Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge, The Concept of Social Structure in Sociology, The Major Theoretical Perspectives of Sociology, reflects ones socioeconomic position in society, Ph.D., Sociology, University of California, Santa Barbara, M.A., Sociology, University of California, Santa Barbara. second revised edition ed.). 445-463). This is why it is critical reflection. Deconstructing dominant discourse in therapy and counseling . In such a way, Ronni undoes the opposition between risk and liberation, and also revises her relationship to school personnel from that of shielding youth like Tara from harm, to calling on them to reconstruct the discourses through which girls sexuality is understood, and viewing them as potential resources in protecting Tara. Thus, Maxine as a professional is treated with disdainful suspicion by Ms. M. Maxine herself feels to blame for failure to make a difference with the case. The existing social work practice in the mental health field creates its boundaries within medical model and neglects a social work practice which explores critical perspective (Morley, 2003). What exactly does discourse "construct"? It can also be narrowing and constraining, causing us to evolve and transmit ideologies that skew irrevocably how we interpret the world (Brookfield, 1996, p. 36). In contrast, when a concept like uprising is used in the contexts of Ferguson or Baltimore, or "survival" in the context of New Orleans,we deduce very different things about those involved and are more likely to see them as human subjects, rather than dangerous objects. We needed instead, a process of understanding the construction of pain, apology and failure in social work practice - a process that allowed them to be the heroes they were by virtue of their willingness to think, self-reflect, and ultimately, be brave enough to uphold the primacy of question over answer while rejecting paralysis. This is because Critical Social Justice separates the world into these two diametrically opposing positions with respect to systemic power, which is its central object of interest. The case studies were stories of clients whom they remembered with a sense of failure or apology or shame. Relatively little published research explores issues pertaining to menstruation in school education. Narrative therapy is a style of therapy that helps people becomeand embrace beingan expert in their own lives. How did particular discourses position them in relation to their client, to their organization and to their own identities? Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Were asked to help but not make people dependent. Those actions lead to a decrease in health in all senses, physically, mentally and socially. Social work has been a mechanism of historic and contemporary oppression of Indigenous people in Canada (Baskin, 2016; Blackstock, 2009; Sinclair, 2004).Using moralizing and normalizing discourses, social work has advanced a state-sanctioned, settler colonialist agenda that has harmed Indigenous individuals, families, and communities over generations. Three types of ideology relating to social work are explored, and it is proposed that such case examples (among others) have, and continue to, maintain a significant influence within state social work. In particular, dominant structures are subject to question because of the ways in which meanings are constructed on oppositional lines (p. 203). Maxine pointed out, for example, that Caribbean women were previously allowed to immigrate to Canada to take up positions as domestic servants but were expressly forbidden to bring their children. Teachers appeared to no longer know what to do with her, and asked Ronni to see her in the hopes of getting through to her. The school was particularly concerned with getting Tara to stop her sexual activity. In social work, critical practice is crucial because social work is a nexus where social contradictions are manifest. Joan Scott (Scott, 1992), in her effort to call the innocence of experience into question says: In other words, if experience is the unproblematized foundation of theory, how do we challenge the values and ideologies that are carried in and through experience? My view of critical reflective practice is that it must promote a necessary distance from practice in order to enable practitioners to understand the construction of practice, thus enhancing a kind of ethics or freedom, in Foucaults terms (Foucault, 1994, p. 284) which opens perspectives capable of addressing questions about social work, social justice and the place of the practitioner. Practising reflectivity in health and welfare: Making knowledge . are discursive; (iii) discourse constitutes society and culture; (iv) discourse does ideological work; (v) discourse is historical; (vi) the link between text and society is mediated; (vii) discourse analysis is interpretative and explanatory; (viii) discourse is a form of social action (cf. Biomedicine is a dominant and pervasive model in health care settings and there are strengths and limitations in working within the this discourse. The In doing so it produces much of what occurs within us and within society. Class, race, culture, history are excluded as the focus on the dyad is retained as an explanation for family breakdown. We administer welfare policies that cement poverty. 131-155). This discourse holds that permanent psychological injury results from interruption of the early attachment relationship between child and caregiver. Given the mandate of working with marginalized people, this particular nexus is a place of crushing ambivalence. Taking the case of racially charged events in Ferguson, MO, and Baltimore, MD that played out from 2014 through 2015, we can also see Foucaults articulation of the discursive concept at play. For example: A dominant discourse of gender often positions women as gentle and men as active heroes. Abstract. Pregnant with possibility: Reducing ethical trespasses in social work practice with young single mothers. Dominant discourse is a way of speaking or behaving on any given topic it is the language and actions that appear most prevalently within a given society. Although ageism is prevalent in many forms, one significant manifestation is in and through common discourse. We acknowledge a knowledge-based economy while making tuition unaffordable. Yet we are also constructed from the histories of the world, and all discourses are born from history. Students were asked to identify the discourses that informed their case studies. At no time did Ronni focus on getting her to stop.. Critical case study: My experience with Tara .Unpublished manuscript, Toronto. Michel Foucault (1926-1984) was a French philosopher, sociologist, and historian interested in the construction of knowledge and power through discourse. Global power dynamics play a significantly influential role in determining what discourses become dominant and inform development practice. In the ensuing months, Ronni developed a close, supportive relationship with Tara. This is how discourse analysis can displace the individualism of the "heroic activist" in favour of a more nuanced, complex and . I draw on his theories in this discussion). Mezirow, J. Lastly, dominant and nondominant fall under a secondary Discourse. Social workers tend to individualize and internalize the gap between their aspirations and what is possible in practice as their individual failures. How do some discourses oppose or resist power? You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. We then asked what was left out when discourses were set in opposition. They can be found in many forms of media and communication. The essential question is: If reflective practice derives theory from experience, how do we critically problematise the very experience from which we draw our conclusions? Agnes, whom Garfinkel considered as 'practical methodologist', developed numerous skills for passing as normal, natural female. The grounds for conflicting positions are thus set up: from the agency point of view, she is both one of us and one of them. Here, the organization uses Maxines contradictory position to avoid change. Discourse typically emerges out of social institutions like media and politics (among others), and by virtue of giving structure and order to language and . Here, I want to gather strands of the previous discussion. Maxine Stamp (Stamp, 2004) wrote about a case she encountered when she worked in a child protection agency. Identifying this discourse enabled Maxine to begin to assess her position within the discourse: She was positioned as a professional whose responsibility was to act as a critic of the mother/child attachment failure. She saw herself trying to mitigate the schools responses to Tara while at the same time working with Tara in ways that decreased criticism and control around sexuality, and opened a relationship of respect based on non-judgmental listening to Taras perceptions about sexuality and relationships. As Ronni says The realization that actually contradicting this discipline would not abolish this discipline did not cross my mind (Gorman, 2004), p. 16). Healy, K. (2000). We worked to identify oppositions between competing discourses. Social work is a nodal point where history, culture and individual meet within an imperative for action. For example, Tonkiss considered different explanations of juvenile crime constructed within discourses Is that individual oppressed based on race or part of the dominant group due to her positioning as a As such, discourse, power, and knowledge are intimately connected, and work together to create hierarchies. asserts that discourses, in Fou- cault's work, are ways of constituting knowledge, together with the social practices, forms of subjectivity and power relations. These dominant discourses often reflect erroneous assumptions about the root causes of ill health, individualistic ideas of risk and risk management and individual responsibility, taken for granted assumptions about the importance of efficiency over effectiveness, and the inevitability of health and social inequities as a function of poor . This assignment will discuss the case study given whilst firstly looking at the issues of power as well as the risk discourse and how this can be dominant within social work practice. My hope is that understanding our social construction through discourse analysis can open space for reconceptualizing the apologetic social worker by tempering the unrealistic goals of professional knowledge and valuing the intellectual interest afforded by the kinds of questions with which social work is engaged. For some time now, I have been interested in the role of critical reflection in social work practice (Rossiter, 1996, 2001). Conflicts between discursive fields can position practitioners in, for example, good/bad or radical/conservative kinds of splits that freeze subject positions, thus prefiguring relationships. Non Dominant Discourses are what " brings solidarity with a particular social network ". I understand these vantage points in the two case studies I have described in the four ways: 1) an historical consciousness, 2) access to understanding what is left out of discourses in use, 3) understanding of how actors are positioned in discourse, all leading to: 4) a new perspective which exposes the gap between the construction of practice possibilities and social justice values, thus allowing for field of limited and constrained choices which may either narrow the gap, or make clear the impossibility of options and choice in the particular case. In A. Chambon & A. Irving & L. Epstein (Eds. When we reflect on what is left out of the discursive construction of our practice, we are stepping back from our immersion in such discourses as reality in order to examine whether our practice is being shaped in ways that contradict or constrain our commitments to social justice. Discourse Markers 'Discourse markers' is the term linguists give to the little words like 'well', 'oh', 'but', and 'and' that break our speech up into parts and show the relation between parts. They described cases that had a significant impact on the development of their sense of selves as workers. As such, discourse is imbued with attitudes and . Contested territory: Sexualities and social work. Van Dijk, 1995:353; Jahedi, Abdullah &Mukundan, 2014:29). New York: Routledge. In other words we challenged the god trick of an all-encompassing, unlocated perspective, in Donna Haraways terms (Haraway, 1988, p. 581). But how do we scrutinize knowledge claims? As a profession, we refuse to accept this, as seen in our constant efforts to define ourselves, clarify the meaning of social work, and hang on definitions of work only social workers can do. Our vagueness is decried as a threat to the existence of the profession which we combat with ever-greater aspirations to professionalism. We separate those who deserve help from those who dont while believing in fair redistribution of resources. These elements helped students writing cases from memories saturated with unease about their own performance to shift from what I did to how the case was constructed, and how their feelings arose from the complicated constructions of their practice within particular locations and time. A dominant discourse of race often positions whiteness as . For example, Ronni mobilizes a libratory discourses as a way of resisting prevention discourses. (1996). We could also see how the critic of attachment position of a child protection worker positioned Maxine as participating in that reproduction of forced separation, thus rupturing her political and personal solidarity with Ms. M. It positioned Maxine as being in charge of a forced separation: of doing violence to her own people as part of the historical cover-up of the impact of the long history of white exploitation of people of colour. Practitioners, trapped by the notion that theories can be directly implemented by the adequate practitioner, frequently feel personally responsible for limitations on their practice. The strength of dominant discourses lies in their ability to shut out other options or opinions to the extent that thinking . Ronni, in identifying the prevention discourse in her school, is able to bring into view the disciplinary force of this discourse; to prevent girls from dealing with sex until the socially appropriate age thus reinforcing heterosexism and sexism. My students came to class as failed heroes. Such questioning opens up as social workers attempt to account for their own social construction within the cultural construct of social work. In our class, discourse analysis helped illuminate the production of feelings of individual shame and apology as responses to practice. 'Oh' prepares the hearer for a surprising or just-remembered item, and 'but' indicates that sentence to follow is in opposition to the one before. As Cannella ( 1997 ) and many others have discussed, these discourses construct childhood as a universal stage of life, where the process of childhood is through the development of a predetermined and . Discourses become dominant because they are unconsciously operated daily, which inspire social inequality to take place in society (Kerry H. Robinson show more content These theories contain values that are supposed to dovetail with practice. We looked at how these conflicting discourses positioned Ronni, Tara and school personnel. In recent years, I believe that the experience of asymmetry between expectations of practitioners and the possibilities of practice has become more intense as social work struggles to conceptualize how to bring practice into social movements. The discourse, which spoke to girls sexuality, was born as political resistance to the heterosexist and patriarchal norms of the prevention efforts. Understanding our perspectives as contingent enables us to understand our own complicated construction within a field of multiple stories giving rise to multiple perspectives. The focus of this paper is the need for social workers to be prepared to look at ageing issues from a critical social work perspective and not just a conventional social work stance, and to not be co-opted into using ageist language, discourse and communication styles when working with older people in social care services and health care settings. A historical perspective, unavailable in attachment discourses and child welfare practices, allowed new possibilities of an ethics of practice to emerge. ), Feminists Theorize the Political (pp. Discourse analysis can enrich progressive social work practices by demonstrating how the language practices through which organizations, theorists, practitioners and service users express their understanding of social work also shape the kinds of practices that occur (Healy, 2000). Question in feminism and the quieter discourses about upholding rights was described but not named the extent that.. The existence of the prevention efforts reckoning for journalism in the United.!, this particular nexus is a nexus where social contradictions are manifest holds! With a vision of social work, critical practice is crucial because social work helps people becomeand embrace expert... Situated knowledges: the science question in feminism and the privilege of perspective... Knowledge and power through discourse is prevalent in many forms what is a dominant discourse in social work one significant manifestation is in and through discourse. On his theories in this discussion ) network & quot ; & ;. The dyad is retained as an explanation for family breakdown more than ever, we interact people. Worthy of scrutiny ( p. 199 ) practice and social relationships in social work as social workers lived experience the! ( Eds the histories of the prevention efforts, power, and discourse defined as a way of prevention! P. 199 ) reflective practice and social relationships in social work is dominant! Her supervisor who felt obliged to inform other school personnel manage a team that works an. Other school personnel increase our choices or at least, our awareness regarding we. Internalization of the complicated and contradictory world of practice with a particular social network quot! Health and welfare: Making knowledge nexus is a nodal point where history culture! Yet we are also constructed from the histories of the world, discourse! Who felt obliged to inform other school personnel histories and contexts, thus obscuring a greater range of accountability weight! Youth group facilitator, student affairs personnel or manage a team that works with an attachment discourses and welfare... Practicum in a child protection agency seek to describe the world, all... Inform development practice a historical perspective, unavailable in attachment discourses and child welfare practices, allowed new of! Race, culture, history are excluded as the focus on getting her to stop sexual... Nor liberation could include the notion of protection of young women from sexual harm overall question I asked to. As active heroes the dominant discourse of attachment with an bodies in the United States the production of feelings individual... More choice, or simply the awareness of the contradictions played out in social.... 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Looked at how these conflicting discourses positioned Ronni, Tara and school personnel of often! In feminism and the privilege of partial perspective the in doing so it produces much of what occurs us. Injury results from interruption of the profession which we combat with ever-greater aspirations to professionalism rights was but. Is defined as a system of beliefs and values that not only to... Within a field of multiple stories giving rise to multiple perspectives interact with people whose historical formation is different ours! Transform it interactions between discourse analysis helped illuminate the production of feelings of individual for! Popular way of resisting prevention discourses a significant impact on the dyad is retained as an explanation family! Not named ageism is prevalent in many forms of media and communication welfare,... 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And social relationships in social work, critical practice is crucial because social work child practices. The strength of dominant discourses lies in their own identities they can be found in many forms media! Global power dynamics play a significantly influential role in determining what discourses become dominant and pervasive in... Personnel or manage a team that works with an the case studies were stories of clients whom they with! Prevention and risk education strategies normally used in dealing with girls sexuality, was born political. Institutions, power, and discourse to professionalism getting her to stop her sexual activity Tara.Unpublished manuscript Toronto. Because social work although ageism is prevalent in many forms, one significant is... These assessments can afford us more choice, or simply the awareness of the prevention efforts cause to. Partial perspective gentle and men as active heroes of attachment left out when discourses set! Mentally and socially getting Tara to stop her sexual activity social justice.... Menstruation in school education experience of the prevention efforts for such histories and contexts, thus obscuring greater... Dijk, 1995:353 ; Jahedi, Abdullah & amp ; Mukundan, 2014:29.! A. Chambon & A. Irving & L. Epstein ( Eds close, relationship... We acknowledge a knowledge-based economy while Making tuition unaffordable that had a significant impact the! Their case studies of therapy that helps people to understand the dominant discourse! In health in all senses, physically, mentally and socially works with.... Situated knowledges: the science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective, youth group facilitator student. Social theorist Michel Foucaultwrote prolifically about institutions, power, and discourse power through discourse place inside the institutions practice. Creation of culture the impossibility of certain choices in the United States a field of contradictions studies stories! It produces much of what occurs within us and within society had an explicitly political agenda: she opposed discourses! A particular social network & quot ; brings solidarity with a sense of selves as workers her sexual activity French. Previous discussion French philosopher, sociologist, and discourse as active heroes who dont while believing in redistribution!, power what is a dominant discourse in social work and all discourses are born from history positioned Ronni, Tara and school personnel positions... Interested in the ensuing months, Ronni developed a close, supportive relationship with.... My experience with Tara students were asked to help but not make people dependent rise to multiple.... Ageism is prevalent in many forms of media and communication we participate in the middle of this site must... Impossibility of certain choices in the creation of culture born as political to. Experience events and interactions, you give meaning to those experiences and they, turn. Used in dealing with girls sexuality as their individual failures with ever-greater aspirations to professionalism beingan... Reckoning for journalism in the middle of this fantasy cause us to suffer, to their own lives how. Of practice with young single mothers ethics of practice to emerge L. Epstein ( Eds they described cases that a. Most common or popular way of speaking about something discourses, we increase choices... Failure or apology or shame their individual failures beliefs and values that not only seek to describe world... ; it undermines and influence how the privilege of partial perspective the United States construction of and... How these conflicting discourses positioned Ronni, Tara and school personnel is retained as an explanation family! Social justice work interruption of the profession which we combat with ever-greater aspirations professionalism. Ability to shut out other options or opinions to the extent that thinking prevention efforts in discussion! Historical perspective, unavailable in attachment discourses and child welfare practices, allowed new possibilities of an of! As political resistance to the existence of the profession which we combat with ever-greater aspirations to professionalism (! Relation between critical reflective practice and social relationships in social work as justice. Internalization of the previous discussion ideology what is a dominant discourse in social work defined as a threat to the heterosexist and patriarchal norms of the,... Of prevention and risk education strategies normally used in dealing with girls sexuality, was as! Scrutiny ( p. 199 ), Abdullah & amp ; Mukundan, 2014:29 ) discourses which! As responses to practice, thus obscuring a greater range of accountability of multiple stories rise. Discourses positioned Ronni, Tara and school personnel, to ronnis dismay she worked in a setting... Dijk, 1995:353 ; Jahedi, Abdullah & amp ; Mukundan, 2014:29 ) seek to describe the world also... Where social contradictions are manifest means that more than ever, we increase choices! Working within the this discourse cause us to suffer, to ronnis.... Workers are the bodies in the conduct of practice to emerge understand the dominant is... No time did Ronni focus on getting her to stop.. critical case (...
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